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Monday,
May 12, 2008
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The witnesses: postscript

  • Augustine Birrell resigned as chief secretary for Ireland after the Rising and did not contest his seat in the 1918 general election.
  • Eamon Bulfin's death sentence was commuted because he was born in Argentina. Deported to Buenos Aires, he was jailed for deserting military service there. Released in 1919, he co-ordinated fundraising and arms shipments from there until he returned to Ireland in 1922.
  • Áine Ceannt was vice-president of Cumann na mBan from 1917 to 1925, and as an anti-Treaty activist was jailed in Mountjoy for a year during the Civil War. She was later a founding member of the Irish Red Cross.
  • William T Cosgrave was sentenced to death for his role in the Rising, but that was commuted to penal servitude for life; he was released in 1918. In 1922 he became president of the Irish Free State.
  • Capt E Gerrard continued to serve in the British Army, and was stationed in Ireland during the War of Independence, and later served as far afield as Somaliland.
  • Arthur and Mary Louisa Hamilton Norway both wrote memoirs about the Rising. She died in 1932;, he in 1938. Their son, Nevil, acted as a stretcher bearer during the Rising and (as Nevil Shute) became a bestselling author.
  • Robert Holland was imprisoned at Knutsford Prison in Cheshire until August, after which he was transferred to Frongoch internment camp in Wales.
  • General Sir John Grenfell Maxwell returned to England later in 1916. After being stationed in Egypt, he retired in 1922 and died in 1929.
  • Helena Molony was imprisoned for several months after the Rising. She actively opposed the Treaty during the Civil War. She later became a leading trade unionist.
  • Sir Matthew Nathan moved back to the British ministry of pensions, and in 1920 became governor of Queensland until retirement in 1925.
  • Elizabeth O'Farrell spent several months in prison after the Rising. She died in 1957. A Nurse Elizabeth O'Farrell Foundation was set up to support postgraduate studies in the field of nursing.
  • Ernie O'Malley later became a leading republican figure, and was active in raids against British troops until he was jailed, and then escaped, in 1921. Anti-Treaty during the Civil War, he was badly wounded and then jailed. He became a writer, best known for his account of the War of Independence, On Another Man's Wound.
  • James Stephens was registrar of the National Gallery of Ireland until 1924 and continued to be a prolific writer after he moved to England in 1925. His Irish Fairy Tales is considered a classic.
  • Joseph Sweeney was imprisoned in England and Wales after the Rising, and later became a Sinn Féin TD. He fought in the Free State army during the Civil War and later became the Army's chief of staff.
  • Active in both the War of Independence, and on the anti-Treaty side of the Civil War, Oscar Traynor became a TD and minister for defence. He was also a president of the Football Association of Ireland.
  • Thomas Walsh and his brother James remained on the run from the authorities until Christmas. Their account is included in the Bureau of Military History archives.
  • Martin Walton was later involved in the War of Independence before going on to become a leading figure in Irish music, setting up the Dublin College of Music and a well-known music retail business.
  • Lord Wimborne was lord-lieutenant until 1918, after which he was made Viscount Wimborne.
  • Held in Wakefield Military Detention prison, Dick Humphreys wrote a book, Easter Week in the GPO, on prison toilet paper. Jailed during the War of Independence he later rode in the Isle of Man TT and set up an automobile parts shop in Dublin.
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